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| ethnic_groups_year = 2006 | capital = Majuro〔(The largest cities in Marshall Islands, ranked by population ). population.mongabay.com. Retrieved on May 25, 2012.〕 | latd=7 |latm=7 |latNS=N |longd=171 |longm=4 |longEW=E | largest_city = capital | government_type = Unitary parliamentary republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Christopher Loeak | legislature = Nitijela | area_rank = 213th | area_magnitude = 1 E7 | area_km2 = 181 | area_sq_mi = 70 | percent_water = n/a | population_estimate = 72,191 〔 | population_estimate_rank = 205th | population_estimate_year = 2009 | population_census = 56,429 | population_census_year = 2003 | population_density_km2 = 342.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 885.7 | population_density_rank = 28th | GDP_PPP = $115 million | GDP_PPP_rank = 220th | GDP_PPP_year = 2001 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,900a | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 195th | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = Self-government | established_date1 = 1979 | established_event2 = Compact of Free Association | established_date2 = October 21, 1986 | Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = | HDI_year = |HDI_change = |HDI = |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = | currency = United States dollar | currency_code = USD | country_code = MHL | time_zone = MHT | utc_offset = +12 | time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = | date_format = MM/DD/YYYY | drives_on = right | calling_code = +692 | cctld = .mh | footnote_a = 2005 estimate. }} The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands ((マーシャル語:Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ)),〔Pronunciations: * English: ''Republic of the Marshall Islands'' * Marshallese: ' ()〕 is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 72,191 people is spread out over 29 coral atolls,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Marshall Islands Geography )〕 comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The islands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to the north,〔Wake Island is claimed as a territory of the Marshall Islands, but is also claimed as an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States, with ''de facto'' control vested in the Office of Insular Affairs.〕 Kiribati to the south-east, and Nauru to the south. About 31,000 of the islanders live on Majuro, which is also the capital.〔 Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts. Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526. Other expeditions by Spanish and English ships followed. The islands derive their name from British explorer John Marshall, who visited in 1788. The islands were historically known by the inhabitants as "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God).〔 The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991. Politically, the Marshall Islands is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S. based agencies such as the FCC and the USPS. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as some fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God. ==History== (詳細はstick charts.〔(The History of Mankind ) by Professor Friedrich Ratzel, Book II, Section A, The Races of Oceania page 165, picture of a stick chart from the Marshall Islands. MacMillan and Co., published 1896.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marshall Islands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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